It can take up to three hours for your new episode to become visible on Apple. 

Don't worry, if someone has subscribed to your podcast, your podcast can be played immediately in their updated episode list. If after three hours there is still nothing, please write us (support@julephosting.de) and we'll take a look.

And once you've been publishing for a longer time, it will work faster. Apple prefers accounts with regularly published episodes.